Jan 09, 2016 surface mining planning and design of open pit mining 1. Not only do these provide evidence of the quality of his work, but they also. Surface mining planning and design of open pit mining. The method can be used in all types of rocks and the initial cost is lower than the mechanical method like tbm. The success of achieving these goals depends significantly on good blast design. Pdf in most of the openpit preciousmetal mines in nevada, there is no clear. In this paper the general principles behind these techniques will be described, the design and. As a rule, openpit and coal strip mines using large drills will drill presplit holes that range from 9 to 12. The importance of a systematic approach to mine planning and design using soundly based geotechnical engineering methods cannot be overemphasised. The operation consisted of a lowcost, drillandblast, loadandhall openpit mining process. Visitor adiscussion ispresented oftheadvances thathavebeenmade inrotarydrilling recentyearsanditisindicated howandwhythese drills havereplaced percussive equipment eveninthehardest formations atlargerthan7in. Addresses the challenge of optimizing the design of blasts for open pit mines and quarries. Blast plan a written procedure that details the methods and manner by which a project blaster will comply with pertinent laws, rules, regulations, and contract documents. The first volume introduces basic engineering concepts and the building blocks that make up a blast design.
A short infographical video explaining blasters jargon, created to help our general viewers with the concepts in our blasting and rock breaking series. Technologies for optimizing drilling and blasting in open. Bench blasting is a common blast technique most often used for open pit mines. Orica mining services regularly conducts specially tailored blasting courses and seminars around the emea region. Mechanism of rock breakage while release of explosives energy upon detonation and other relevant points are discussed below. Delay patterns, and varying the hole array to fit natural excavation topography, allow for more efficient use of the explosive energy in the blast. Once the design weight for the source is exceeded, the drill and blast function provides the geologist with an opportunity to allocate a grade, different from designed, to the excess movements. Blast pattern the plan view of the drill holes as laid out for blasting. A large number of examples illustrate the application of the principles. Audit drill patterns against blast hole distribution and location constraints. Permission of the author and publisher is required for any other usage. Mosher, in gold ore processing second edition, 2016. Correspondingly, the selected mining process is a consideration in development of the comminution circuit design. Identify trends and improve blasting performance over time.
In order to implement an adaptive blastdesign strategy for openpit mines, two problems must first be solved. Unesco eolss sample chapters civil engineering vol. Books international society of explosives engineers. This reference covers rotary blasthole drilling and surface blasting as a. When contemplating a change in drill hole size, compare the area of influence associated with the respective. Okubo encyclopedia of life support systems eolss figure 2.
You are getting started with drill and blast tools in vulcan. Blast design figure 82 staggered pattern figure 83 sing figure 81 square or rectangular pattern. Parameters considered in open pit bench blast design modified after anon, 2012, t, u. The book is intended to assist drilling and blasting engineers to understand their current operations and to modify blast designs and field practices to achieve. Optimization of blasting design parameters on open pit bench a case study of nchanga open pits victor mwango bowa abstract. Blast designer software blades calculates blast plan parameters, explosives charge distribution, initiation timing and sequence, results in terms of rock breakage and fragment size distribution. Bla st des igner software blades calculates blast plan parameters, explosives charge distribution, initiation timing and sequence, results in terms of rock breakage and fragment size distribution. Blasting principles for open pit mining, set of 2 volumes. If the blastholes are drilled as a staggered pattern on an equilateral triangular grid, the optimum distribution of the. Thus, for a blaster, valuable tool is the file of blast reports that he builds as he gains experience. May 18, 2016 orica mining services regularly conducts specially tailored blasting courses and seminars around the emea region. Assists drill and blast engineers, students of mining, civil engineers.
Five new chapters on unit operations have been added, the revenues and costs chapter has been substantially revised and updated, and. Compared with bored tunneling by tunnel boring machine, blasting generally results in higher. Bowa introduced a practical method in an open pit mine to optimize blasting design parameters such as bench height, drill hole diameter, spacing, etc. Optimization of drilling and blasting operations in an open. The design of open pit excavations will endeavour to prevent hazardous and unexpected failures of the rock mass during the operating life of the open pit. Drill and blast method is mostly used method for the excavation throughout the world. Edited by andrew scott, julius kruttschnitt mineral research centre. The bounds of the blast area were not adequately determined for this blast. During a construction blasting operation near marlboro, ny, flyrock was showered on passing motorists on route 9 w about 180 feet from the blast pit. Optimized design of drilling and blasting operations in. This unique course enables you to learn the basic theory of open pit mine design and the application thereof, whilst having the chance to interact with experts in the field.
This tunneling method involves the use of explosives. If a quarry plans to use 30foot bench heights with 7 feet of sub drill, a drill rig. It presents a practical approach to the design and assessment of blasts, and demonstrates how blasting operations can be engineered not only to solve classic blasting problems, but also to optimise blasting performance to meet the needs of. This material is intended for use in lectures, presentations and as handouts to students, and is provided in power point format so as to allow customization for the individual needs of course instructors. Sot schedule optimization tool realize more value from your resource with an npv optimized schedule. Technologies for optimizing drilling and blasting in openpit. Created as an outcome of the large open pit lop project, an international research and technology transfer project on the stability of rock slopes in open pit mines, this book provides an uptodate compendium of knowledge of the slope design processes that should be followed and the tools.
Blast based services combine the best of oricas knowledge, experience, technology and tools to keep customers at the leading edge of blasting developments while delivering outcomes of productivity growth, profitability, efficiency, safety, health and environment. Building on the success of its 2006 predecessor, this 3rd edition of open pit mine planning and design has been both updated and extended, ensuring that it remains the most complete and authoritative account of modern open pit mining available. The second volume goes into more depth to provide a better understanding of the. Open pit blast design analysis and optimisation edited by andrew scott this book addresses the challenge of optimising the design of blasts for open pit mines and quarries. The characterization of the structure of rock masses is an important consideration at the sarcheshmeh mine.
Divided into two volumes, this accessible work describes the principles involved in hard rock blasting as applied to open pit mines. Okubo encyclopedia of life support systems eolss figure 1c. Drilling and blasting practices have been developed that are intended to optimize. As with smooth blasting, but the back holes are simultaneously initiated in a separate blast. Blast design generates blast plan and according to the delay pattern structure, simulation. Often it is the discontinuities and joints and not the intact rock that governs the mechanical and hydrological behavior of the rock mass. Electronically transfer data, respond to changes in realtime, and generate reconciliation reports. Reducing drill and blast cost through blast optimisation a. Pdf drilling and blasting practices in nevadas openpit mines. As an example, smaller drilling patterns were simulated 10 m x 10 m to 8 m x 8 m, and 8 m x 8 m to 7 m x 7 m in pit 5 and pit 6 respectively in combination with changes in explosives p700 emulsion vs. The second method is typical in open pit mining when a single blast will create a number of material sources. Figure 87 analysis of efficient blast design efficient blast designs combined with the proper choice of explosive can produce better fragmentation with associated lower operating costs compared to blast designs and explosives used under adverse conditions. In practice, however, geological, geomechanical and operational conditions vary from deposit to deposit.
The order and timing of the detonation of the individual blast holes is regulated by the initiation system. Reducing drill and blast cost through blast optimisation. The distance between the back row blastholes and the line of drill holes is between 50 and 75% of the normal burden distance. Jul 28, 2017 as a rule, openpit and coal strip mines using large drills will drill presplit holes that range from 9 to 12. Analysis of the cost of explosives requires that the effects of explosive energy be placed into proper perspective within the entire drilling, blasting, handling and. Blasters training modules module 4 blasthole drilling. The estimated total drill and blast cost savings if the proposed blast parameters were adopted ranged from 5. Sequence of initiation in single row blasting 27 3. By definition, bench blasting is blasting in a vertical or subvertical hole or a row of holes towards a free vertical surface. Create rectangular, triangular and equilateral patterns create vertical or inclined holes on flat, inclined or undulating surfaces. Benches may be designed and carried forth with more than one face so that simple blasting patterns can be used to remove the rock. This book addresses the challenge of optimising the design of blasts for open pit mines and quarries. The size of the mast and drill steels carried by the rig are important considerations in drilling efficiency.
Processed ore by minerals for open pit and underground metal mines for the period 1988 to 1997 in the western world. Th t d i f bl t t t ith th the correct design of a blast starts with the fi t h lfirst hole t b dt td to be detonated. Register for open pit drill and blast to solidify your blast design skills while learning techniques that can help you ensure your design is optimised for blast safety. Optimization of blasting parameters in opencast mines. The size reduction process starts with mining, and the degree of fracturing and breakage achieved in drill and blast is an important factor in comminution circuit performance. Several theories have been developed by various authors for estimating open pit blast design parameters such as burden, blasthole spacing, subdrilling, explosive charge distribution in blastholes, stemming length and mile second delay patterns.
When an explosive charge is detonated, chemical reaction occur which, very rapidly changes the solid or liquid explosive mass. Update holes layouts against survey and design changes and fast and intuitive hole numbering. Surface mining planning and design of open pit mining 1. If a quarry plans to use 30foot bench heights with 7 feet of subdrill, a drill rig. Larry mirabelli, senior manager at buckley powder co. Created as an outcome of the large open pit lop project, an international research and technology transfer project on the stability of rock slopes in open pit mines, this book provides an uptodate compendium of knowledge of the slope design processes that should be. University of rizona mining and geological engineering rock excavation mne 415 515. The book is intended to assist drilling and blasting engineers to understand their current operations and to modify blast designs and field practices to achieve target blasting performance. Open pitdrillingandblastingt synopsis byalanbauer,b. University of rizona mining and geological engineering. Openpit mine planning and design enterprises university of. The conventional plant produces a highquality nickelcoppercobaltpges concentrate with metal content of approximately 20% and an average nickel content of.
Whereas a threeinch diameter hole has an area of 7. Blast design the best use of explosives is made when a blast produces a clean break, giving good fragmentation, while avoiding excessive flyrock. This paper out lines surface mine blasting research com pleted since the bureaus last technology transfer seminar on blasting in december 1980. In a coal mine blast, flyrock traveled 900 feet and landed beyond the permit boundary causing a fatal injury msha, 1990a. Optimization of drilling and blasting operations in an. Drilling, blasting, open pit, fragmentation, kuzram model. Guidelines for open pit slope design is a comprehensive account of the open pit slope design process. Change in production and productivity of us coal mines the higher productivity for open pit mining equipment also lowers costs. Adaptive blast design means that the blast design can be modified in real time, by changing hole pat terns or the type and amount of explosive, based on newly acquired information about the rock mass. We operate open pit mines worldwide, providing high quality solutions and contributing to its optimization and efficiency thanks to our unique technologies and team of experts, we can be involved from the design and planning of the blasting, to its execution and the measurement of results, always ensuring that we exceed the expectations of each. Guidelines for open pit slope design 1st edition john. Tosun and konak determined a particular charge for blasting operation to reduce operating costs through an experimental method 6. Blast design software blasting pattern software blast. Generates blast plan and according to the delay pattern structure, simulation.